Clinical Laboratory scientists perform tests to assist in diagnosing and treating diseases. Their tasks include examining blood, tissue, and other samples microscopically, culturing samples to identify microorganisms, analyzing chemical content or reactions, and measuring blood glucose or cholesterol levels. They also type and crossmatch blood samples for transfusions, ensuring accurate and safe procedures for patient care. These specialists play a crucial role in supporting physicians with valuable diagnostic information.

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) assess, diagnose, and treat disorders related to speech, language, voice, fluency, and swallowing. They use tools to evaluate impairments, develop treatment plans, and offer alternative communication methods like sign language or assistive devices. SLPs also provide counseling, collaborate with healthcare professionals, and educate families. Audiologists diagnose and manage hearing and balance disorders, using tests to assess hearing loss and recommend solutions such as hearing aids or auditory training. Both professionals work in various settings, supporting patient care and education.

Dental hygienists are essential in oral health, providing preventive care, patient education, and clinical services in dental offices, schools, public health programs, and research. They assess oral health, examine teeth and gums for disease, and collaborate with dentists on treatment plans. Hygienists clean teeth, remove plaque and stains, take X-rays, and apply fluoride and sealants. They also educate patients on oral hygiene practices and may contribute to healthcare teams, highlighting the link between oral health and overall wellness.

Dentists diagnose, prevent, and treat issues related to teeth, gums, and oral health. They perform exams, fill cavities, extract teeth, and manage oral diseases. Some specialize in fields like orthodontics, periodontics, or oral surgery. Most work in private practice, but others are in hospitals, research, public health, or academia. Dentists educate patients on oral hygiene and may use advanced technologies like digital imaging and laser dentistry. Licensing, which requires a dental degree and exams, is mandatory in all states.

Health Information Management (HIM) professionals oversee health information systems that support patient care, healthcare operations, and financial reimbursement. They ensure medical records' accuracy, security, and accessibility while adhering to healthcare regulations. HIM specialists contribute to data governance, quality improvement, and health analytics to enhance patient outcomes and efficiency. Many pursue certification as Registered Health Information Administrators (RHIA), managing records, leading compliance efforts, and optimizing data-driven decisions. HIM professionals work in hospitals, insurance companies, government agencies, and healthcare tech firms to improve healthcare delivery.

The Associate Degree in Health Sciences provides prehealth students with the opportunity to earn a degree that allows them to meet their prerequisite requirements for transfer to health professional programs at other institutions.

Medical radiographers, or radiologic technologists, help physicians diagnose fractures, tumors, and diseases using imaging technology. They operate x-ray equipment, position patients, and ensure high-quality images while following radiation safety protocols. Radiographers may assist with fluoroscopy, use mobile imaging in surgery or at the bedside, and adapt procedures based on patient history. Certification through the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) and ongoing education are required to maintain professional competency.

Physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions, with many specializing in areas like cardiology, neurology, or pediatrics. Depending on their specialty, they perform procedures, prescribe medications, and provide tailored advice. Physicians can work in various settings, including managed care systems (HMO, PPO), clinics, hospitals, laboratories, industrial or military venues, or a combination of these.

Nuclear medicine technologists use radioactive materials to diagnose and treat various medical conditions. They operate imaging equipment to capture detailed scans of organs and tissues, prepare radiopharmaceuticals, and ensure patient safety by following strict radiation safety protocols. Technologists collaborate with physicians to interpret imaging results and may work in hospitals, outpatient clinics, and research facilities. Ongoing education is essential to stay current with evolving technology and regulations in this specialized field​

Nurses are an integral part of the health care team. Nurses help patients cope with illness and provide the care needed for each patient. The BSN prepares students for professional nursing in acute and community settings. Nurses may also serve as advocates for patients, families and communities. Nurses may find employment in private and public health agencies, doctor’s offices, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, clinics, schools, industry, and nursing homes.

The Registered Dietitian (RD) is a supportive member of the professional health care team who directs nutritional care to achieve optimal health of individuals and groups. Dietitians and nutritionists promote healthy eating habits, evaluate clients’ diets, and suggest diet modifications to help prevent disease and treat illnesses. RDs who manage large scale food service systems for institutions such as hospitals, prisons and schools are usually referred to as Management Dietitians. Consultant Dietitians, often work under contract with various entities such as with sport teams, extended health care facilities or in a group or private practice. Dietitians in Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) assess nutritional needs of patients, prescribe a therapeutic plan, and assess the results. Community Dietitians work in public health clinics, supermarkets and home health agencies.

Occupational therapists work with individuals who struggle with physical or psychological dysfunction. They help patients improve basic motor functions, enhance cognitive abilities, and adapt to permanent functional loss. Common conditions treated include stroke, paralysis, brain injuries, hand and arm trauma, arthritis, developmental disabilities, and mental health disorders. Occupational therapists assist patients with various activities, from using a computer to managing daily tasks such as dressing, cooking, and eating. They practice in diverse settings, including hospitals, rehabilitation centers, geriatric homes, outpatient clinics, home-care programs, and private practice.

Optometrists provide essential vision care, diagnosing and managing eye conditions while prescribing glasses or contact lenses. They examine patients to detect vision problems, eye diseases, and issues related to depth perception, color vision, and eye coordination. While most work in general practice, some specialize in pediatric or geriatric eye care, low vision rehabilitation, contact lenses, or vision therapy. Others focus on occupational vision safety or research. In addition to clinical practice, optometrists may teach, conduct research, consult, or serve on health advisory committees.

Orthotists and prosthetists design, create, and fit custom orthopedic braces and prosthetic limbs to enhance mobility and quality of life for individuals with limb loss or musculoskeletal conditions. They collaborate with physicians and rehabilitation teams to assess patient needs and develop tailored solutions. Advances in technology, including 3D printing and AI-driven design, have improved the functionality and comfort of these devices. Professionals in this field work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and specialized clinics, with opportunities in research, device innovation, and international humanitarian efforts. Many orthotics and prosthetics professionals pursue certification through the American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics (ABCOP) and undergo extensive clinical training.

Pharmacists play a vital role in healthcare, working in hospitals, clinics, community pharmacies, and research institutions. Beyond dispensing medications, they ensure patient safety, provide counseling, and collaborate with healthcare teams to optimize treatment. Pharmacists can specialize in areas such as geriatric care, nuclear pharmacy, and sterile compounding. They contribute to public health through immunization programs, chronic disease management, and addressing medication safety concerns. Some work in policy development, academia, pharmaceutical research, or government agencies like the FDA and VA. With the rise of telehealth, pharmacists are increasingly involved in remote patient care and digital health solutions.

Physical therapists improve mobility, relieve pain, and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries and disease. Treatment often includes exercise to improve strength, balance, coordination and endurance for patients who have been immobilized and lack flexibility. Physical therapists also use electrical stimulation, hot and/or cold compresses, and ultrasound to relieve pain, improve the condition of muscles and related tissues, and to reduce swelling. A physical therapist can specialize in different areas of the field such as fitness, wellness and sports medicine. They are qualified to work in clinics, rehabilitation centers, acute-care and general hospitals, private and governmental agencies, the school systems with handicapped children, or be self employed.

The physical therapist assistant (PTA) is a licensed or certified healthcare professional who works under the supervision of a physical therapist to help implement treatment plans that improve patient mobility, relieve pain, and promote overall physical function. PTAs assist with therapeutic exercises, functional training, and other interventions, while also monitoring patient progress and reporting to the supervising therapist. The extent of their responsibilities may vary depending on state regulations, the policies of the healthcare facility, and the needs of individual patients. PTAs work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, and nursing homes.

Physician Assistants (PAs) are highly trained medical professionals who collaborate with physicians while exercising autonomy in medical decision-making. They provide diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, and health maintenance services across all medical specialties, including primary care, emergency medicine, and surgery. PAs assist in surgical procedures, provide pre- and post-operative care, and manage critical duties such as taking medical histories, performing exams, ordering tests, prescribing medications, and educating patients. By enhancing access to care and maintaining high-quality treatment, PAs play a vital role in the healthcare system.

Diagnostic medical sonographers use high-frequency sound waves to create detailed images of internal organs, tissues, and blood flow, assisting physicians in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as tumors, heart disease, and pregnancy. Working under a physician’s guidance, they assess patient conditions, operate imaging equipment, and analyze results to provide crucial diagnostic information. In addition to performing ultrasounds, sonographers ensure proper equipment maintenance, document findings, and uphold patient safety and privacy. They play a key role in healthcare teams, often collaborating with physicians and other specialists. Sonographers primarily work in hospitals but are also employed in outpatient clinics, diagnostic imaging centers, and private practices.

Respiratory therapists (RTs) play a vital role in treating patients with breathing disorders, from premature infants with underdeveloped lungs to elderly individuals with chronic respiratory diseases. They assess, diagnose, and provide treatment using advanced medical technology such as ventilators and oxygen therapy. RTs also respond to medical emergencies, assisting patients who have suffered from heart attacks, strokes, drowning, or shock. Beyond hospital settings, they educate patients and families on managing respiratory conditions at home and optimizing daily function. Many RTs specialize in neonatal care, critical care, or pulmonary rehabilitation, working in hospitals, home health agencies, outpatient clinics, and long-term care facilities.

Veterinarians are dedicated professionals who specialize in maintaining and improving the health of animals, including pets, livestock, and those in zoos or wildlife preserves. Their responsibilities encompass a wide range of medical, surgical, dental, and rehabilitative care for sick or injured animals. Veterinarians diagnose diseases, prescribe medications, administer vaccinations, and educate pet owners on topics like weight management and senior pet care. Some contribute to public health by studying diseases that affect both animals and humans or by serving as food safety inspectors. Others engage in research to advance animal welfare and publish their findings in veterinary journals.