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Bio Explorer

Explore Your World

The living world is everywhere around us, even in the cities and suburbs where many of us reside. In this branch, we'll explore the biodiversity in our local environments that will help us learn about DNA, conservation efforts, and answer questions like “why does my dog look different than my neighbor’s dog?”

World of Worms

  • We’ll help you learn about DNA and the complex world of worms by studying environmental samples like nematode worms—fascinating animals that are made of just 1000 cells and only 1 millimeter long, but are parts of complex food webs.
  • While observing worms, we can ask cool questions like:
    • What bacteria does it prefer to eat?
    • Can it be stored in the freezer?
    • What does it look like under the microscope?
    • What species is it? We’ll check DNA “fingerprints” with PCR and will sequence DNA “barcodes”.
  • Worm projects teach wet-lab skills including sequence analysis, PCR, aseptic technique, and microscopy. 

Discover New Worms

If you’d like to participate in a worm project, come to La Sierra for a Labs & Jams for training. If your school has lab facilities, you may be able to continue the project there. You can also sample for worms in your local environments (like school, church, or your own backyard) and add your findings to the dataset. Always be safe and get permission before sampling! 

Curious about how to directly sample from the environment to isolate some worms? Before starting, we recommend that you receive training and get protocols from the Discord server. But here are some of the basics.

Worm Examples
Start a Food Composter

Start a food composter in a plastic trash can. Drill small holes in the sides but keep the lid on. This will prevent rodent access but enable smaller organisms like fruit flies to access the organic matter. Add a mix of “browns” and “greens” (higher carbon and higher nitrogen-containing materials, respectively). Add enough water to wet the material but not entirely soak it, making sure air can still get to the respiring living organisms. 
 

Worm Examples
Worm-rich Food Compost

Put plant material in the bin (e.g. peelings from fruits and veggies) but avoid animal matter like meat. Watch for small insects and other animals: millipedes, slugs, snails, soldier flies, earwigs, etc. Many nematodes have “phoretic” lifestyles: they travel on (or in) these larger more mobile invertebrate animals.

Worm Examples
Baiting Worms With Fruit

We punctured this half-apple to speed decomposition.

Worm Examples
13 Days Later = 1000s of Worms

The apple now has fruit flies, several slugs, and isopods ("sow bugs" or "rolly polly") in it. Under the dissection microscrope we can see thousands of nematodes.

Nematodes We Isolated

Morphology

  • Have you ever wondered why a certain organism is that size and shape?
  • Why do falcons, hummingbirds, and finches have such different beak shapes?
  • Why do nematode worm species look extremely similar despite being distantly related?
  • We’ll help you learn how selection acting over time creates massive differences in body size and shape…or keeps bodies looking alike in similar environments.

Studying dogs can tell us tons about morphology, because dogs have the greatest size range of any mammal. They range from tiny Chihuahuas, papillon, and Yorkshire terriers to massive great Danes and Irish wolfhounds. Dogs also vary in shape, from long-snouted greyhounds to brachycephalic pugs, or long-legged whippets to ground-hugging dachshunds. Many genes controlling size and shape have been identified in dogs and other species.

  • Want to check where your pet dog fits in?
  • When we visit your school, you can pick up a measurement kit. Or, send a text in the Discord server asking us to mail you one.

Birding and Conservation Biology

  • Birding is a fun and easy hobby that can teach us a lot about the wildlife in our own backyards. 
  • If you have a patio or yard where you live, set up a hummingbird feeder or bird feeder to see what types of birds are in your area. You don’t even need binoculars—just use your eyes and ears for observation. Then share your findings with your team members and ask questions like “am I seeing different birds at my house than they do at their apartment?”
  • Want to use your voice to speak out for living creatures? Leaf members can mix and match branches, so join with a Storyteller team and advocate for conservation efforts through writing.
  • Does your school campus have a birding list? Make one! We’ll help connect you with identification resources such as binoculars and books.
  • Start a journal of vertebrate sightings and try to identify each to the species level, whether it’s a Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) or Bewick’s Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) in your backyard or a roadside coyote (Canis latrans).
  • Over 220 species of birds have been recorded on La Sierra University’s campus. When you come for a Labs & Jams day, borrow some binocs and we’ll bird the campus.

La Sierra's Oak Woodland

La Sierra students have identified Acorn Woodpecker nests on our campus (magenta pins). These birds collect acorns from our 50+ oak trees (green and blue pins).

Tracking Woodpecker Flights

Our acorn woodpeckers have been on campus for 25 years and they're used to us. By watching them fly between trees (magenta lines) we can better understand their behavior and find the boundaries of their colony territories.

Participate Form

LEAF - Participate Form

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Contact Us

LEAF Mods

College students serve as Mods in Discord and as project mentors.

  • Cassie Ward
  • Efrain Martinez
  • Maddy Vaca
  • Zack Sutter
  • Zilyn Yeoh

LEAF Leadership

Schools Liaison

Storyteller Branch

Game Maker Branch

Bio Explorer Branch

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