The minimum educational requirement for entry into most US and Canadian medical schools is a 4-year Bachelor’s degree. In medical school, students spend most of the first two years in laboratories and classrooms studying the basic sciences with some clinical exposure. During the last two years, students proceed through clinical rotations working with patients in hospitals, which consists of on-the-job training in one or more specialties, under the direction of experts in that discipline. Once completed, the physician must pass national board exams before he/she is licensed to practice medicine.