Clinical Laboratory scientists supervise or perform laboratory tests that aid the physician in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient’s disease. They have a variety of tasks including: microscopically examine blood, tissue, and other body substances; make cultures of body fluids or tissue samples to determine the presence of bacteria, fungi, parasites, or other microorganisms; analyze samples for chemical content or reaction; and determine blood glucose or cholesterol levels. Clinical laboratory scientists also type and crossmatch blood samples for transfusions.

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, voice, fluency, and swallowing disorders. They use specialized tools to evaluate impairments, develop treatment plans, and introduce alternative communication methods like sign language or assistive devices. SLPs also provide counseling, collaborate with healthcare professionals, and educate families on communication strategies. Audiologists diagnose and manage hearing and balance disorders, using specialized testing to assess hearing loss and recommend interventions like hearing aids or auditory training. They may also conduct workplace noise assessments and develop hearing conservation programs. Both SLPs and audiologists work in schools, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, private practice, and research institutions, contributing to patient care, advocacy, and education.

Dental hygienists play a vital role in oral health by providing preventive care, patient education, and clinical services in various settings, including dental offices, schools, public health programs, and research institutions. They assess oral health, examine patients’ teeth and gums for signs of disease, and develop treatment plans in collaboration with dentists. Hygienists perform teeth cleanings, remove plaque and stains, take and develop X-rays, and apply preventive treatments like fluoride and sealants. They also educate patients on proper oral hygiene practices and may contribute to interdisciplinary healthcare teams by assessing how oral health connects to overall wellness.

Dentists diagnose, prevent, and treat issues related to the teeth, gums, and overall oral health. They perform routine examinations, fill cavities, extract teeth, and address oral diseases. Some dentists specialize in areas such as orthodontics, periodontics, or oral surgery. Most dentists work in private practice, while others are employed in hospitals, research institutions, public health agencies, or academic settings. They also educate patients on proper oral hygiene and may use advanced technologies such as digital imaging and laser dentistry. Licensing is required in all states, typically involving a dental degree and passing national and state exams.

Health Information Management (HIM) professionals oversee health information systems that support patient care, healthcare operations, and financial reimbursement. They ensure the accuracy, security, and accessibility of medical records while maintaining compliance with healthcare regulations. HIM specialists play a key role in data governance, quality improvement, and health analytics to enhance patient outcomes and operational efficiency. Many professionals become Registered Health Information Administrators (RHIA), managing medical records, leading compliance initiatives, and optimizing data-driven decision-making. Career opportunities span hospitals, insurance companies, government agencies, and healthcare technology firms, where HIM professionals develop and implement health information systems that improve overall healthcare delivery.

The Associate Degree in Health Sciences provides prehealth students with the opportunity to earn a degree that allows them to meet their prerequisite requirements for transfer to health professional programs at other institutions.

Medical radiographers, or radiologic technologists, assist physicians in diagnosing fractures, tumors, and diseases using imaging technology. They operate x-ray equipment, position patients, and ensure high-quality images while following radiation safety protocols. Radiographers may assist with fluoroscopy, use mobile imaging in surgery or at the bedside, and assess patient history to adapt procedures. Certification through the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) and continuing education are required to maintain professional competency.

Physicians diagnose and treat various medical conditions, with many specializing in specific areas like cardiology, neurology, or pediatrics. Depending on their specialty, they perform procedures, prescribe medications, and offer advice tailored to their field of expertise. Physicians may choose from a variety of settings such as working in a managed care system (HMO, PPO), a clinic, hospital, laboratory, industrial, or military venues, or in a combination of these.

Nuclear medicine technologists use radioactive materials to diagnose and treat various medical conditions. They operate imaging equipment to capture detailed scans of organs and tissues, prepare radiopharmaceuticals, and ensure patient safety by following strict radiation safety protocols. Technologists collaborate with physicians to interpret imaging results and may work in hospitals, outpatient clinics, and research facilities. Ongoing education is essential to stay current with evolving technology and regulations in this specialized field​

Nurses are an integral part of the health care team. Nurses help patients cope with illness and provide the care needed for each patient. The BSN prepares students for professional nursing in acute and community settings. Nurses may also serve as advocates for patients, families and communities. Nurses may find employment in private and public health agencies, doctor’s offices, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, clinics, schools, industry, and nursing homes.

The Registered Dietitian (RD) is a supportive member of the professional health care team who directs nutritional care to achieve optimal health of individuals and groups. Dietitians and nutritionists promote healthy eating habits, evaluate clients’ diets, and suggest diet modifications to help prevent disease and treat illnesses. RDs who manage large scale food service systems for institutions such as hospitals, prisons and schools are usually referred to as Management Dietitians. Consultant Dietitians, often work under contract with various entities such as with sport teams, extended health care facilities or in a group or private practice. Dietitians in Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) assess nutritional needs of patients, prescribe a therapeutic plan, and assess the results. Community Dietitians work in public health clinics, supermarkets and home health agencies.

Occupational therapists work with individuals who struggle with physical or psychological dysfunction. They help patients improve basic motor functions, enhance cognitive abilities, and adapt to permanent functional loss. Common conditions treated include stroke, paralysis, brain injuries, hand and arm trauma, arthritis, developmental disabilities, and mental health disorders. Occupational therapists assist patients with various activities, from using a computer to managing daily tasks such as dressing, cooking, and eating. They practice in diverse settings, including hospitals, rehabilitation centers, geriatric homes, outpatient clinics, home-care programs, and private practice.

Optometrists provide essential vision care, diagnosing and managing eye conditions while prescribing glasses or contact lenses. They examine patients to detect vision problems, eye diseases, and issues related to depth perception, color vision, and eye coordination. While most work in general practice, some specialize in pediatric or geriatric eye care, low vision rehabilitation, contact lenses, or vision therapy. Others focus on occupational vision safety or research. In addition to clinical practice, optometrists may teach, conduct research, consult, or serve on health advisory committees.

Orthotists and prosthetists design, create, and fit custom orthopedic braces and prosthetic limbs to enhance mobility and quality of life for individuals with limb loss or musculoskeletal conditions. They collaborate with physicians and rehabilitation teams to assess patient needs and develop tailored solutions. Advances in technology, including 3D printing and AI-driven design, have improved the functionality and comfort of these devices. Professionals in this field work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and specialized clinics, with opportunities in research, device innovation, and international humanitarian efforts. Many orthotics and prosthetics professionals pursue certification through the American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics (ABCOP) and undergo extensive clinical training.

Pharmacists play a vital role in healthcare, working in hospitals, clinics, community pharmacies, and research institutions. Beyond dispensing medications, they ensure patient safety, provide counseling, and collaborate with healthcare teams to optimize treatment. Pharmacists can specialize in areas such as geriatric care, nuclear pharmacy, and sterile compounding. They contribute to public health through immunization programs, chronic disease management, and addressing medication safety concerns. Some work in policy development, academia, pharmaceutical research, or government agencies like the FDA and VA. With the rise of telehealth, pharmacists are increasingly involved in remote patient care and digital health solutions.

Physical therapists improve mobility, relieve pain, and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries and disease. Treatment often includes exercise to improve strength, balance, coordination and endurance for patients who have been immobilized and lack flexibility. Physical therapists also use electrical stimulation, hot and/or cold compresses, and ultrasound to relieve pain, improve the condition of muscles and related tissues, and to reduce swelling. A physical therapist can specialize in different areas of the field such as fitness, wellness and sports medicine. They are qualified to work in clinics, rehabilitation centers, acute-care and general hospitals, private and governmental agencies, the school systems with handicapped children, or be self employed.

The physical therapist assistant (PTA) is a licensed or certified healthcare professional who works under the supervision of a physical therapist to help implement treatment plans that improve patient mobility, relieve pain, and promote overall physical function. PTAs assist with therapeutic exercises, functional training, and other interventions, while also monitoring patient progress and reporting to the supervising therapist. The extent of their responsibilities may vary depending on state regulations, the policies of the healthcare facility, and the needs of individual patients. PTAs work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, and nursing homes.

Physician Assistants (PAs) are highly trained medical professionals who collaborate with physicians while exercising autonomy in medical decision-making. They provide diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, and health maintenance services across all medical specialties, including primary care, emergency medicine, and surgery. PAs assist in surgical procedures, provide pre- and post-operative care, and manage critical duties such as taking medical histories, performing exams, ordering tests, prescribing medications, and educating patients. By enhancing access to care and maintaining high-quality treatment, PAs play a vital role in the healthcare system.

Respiratory therapists (RTs) play a vital role in treating patients with breathing disorders, from premature infants with underdeveloped lungs to elderly individuals with chronic respiratory diseases. They assess, diagnose, and provide treatment using advanced medical technology such as ventilators and oxygen therapy. RTs also respond to medical emergencies, assisting patients who have suffered from heart attacks, strokes, drowning, or shock. Beyond hospital settings, they educate patients and families on managing respiratory conditions at home and optimizing daily function. Many RTs specialize in neonatal care, critical care, or pulmonary rehabilitation, working in hospitals, home health agencies, outpatient clinics, and long-term care facilities.

Veterinarians are dedicated professionals who specialize in maintaining and improving the health of animals, including pets, livestock, and those in zoos or wildlife preserves. Their responsibilities encompass a wide range of medical, surgical, dental, and rehabilitative care for sick or injured animals. Veterinarians diagnose diseases, prescribe medications, administer vaccinations, and educate pet owners on topics like weight management and senior pet care. Some contribute to public health by studying diseases that affect both animals and humans or by serving as food safety inspectors. Others engage in research to advance animal welfare and publish their findings in veterinary journals.