Changes to Federal Financial Aid
Last update: 05/11/2026
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act passed on July 4, 2025 brings many changes to federal student aid programs, including new loan limits, new loan repayment options, and updated eligibility requirements, for both current and future students. Most of these changes are effective starting July 1, 2026 and will affect students for the 2026-27 school year. The Department of Education may also make further adjustments prior to July 1, 2026.
Effective July 1, 2026, the One Big Beautiful Bill enacts a $257,500 lifetime borrowing limit on all federal student loans, total. Graduate PLUS loans will be included in the new $257,500 lifetime borrowing limit established through the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. This does not include Parent PLUS loans, which are borrowed by parents on their student’s behalf.
Limited Exception
Students are not subject to the new lifetime loan limit (for up to three academic years or the remainder of their expected time to credential, whichever is less) if they remain continuously enrolled in the same program of study at the same institution as they were enrolled as of June 30, 2026 and they had a Direct Loan disbursed for that same program before July 1, 2026.
Parent PLUS Loan
All parents (combined) may borrow $20,000 per year per dependent student and a $65,000 aggregate limit per dependent student (without regard to amounts forgiven, repaid, or discharged).
Limited Exception
Parents are not subject to the new PLUS loan limits (for up to three academic years or the remainder of the student's expected time to credential, whichever is less) if the student remains continuously enrolled in the same program of study at the same institution as they were enrolled as of June 30, 2026 and either the parent had a Parent PLUS Loan disbursed for that same program before July 1, 2026, or the student had a Direct Loan (subsidized or unsubsidized) disbursed for that same program before July 1, 2026.
Beginning July 1, 2026, loan limits will be prorated depending on enrollment level, similar to grant funding. This means students enrolled less than full time will only be able to borrow loan amounts in direct proportion to their credit load, with a minimum half-time enrollment requirement.
Students thinking of enrolling less than full-time or dropping a class should talk to their financial aid counselor first to understand the implications.
Effective July 1, 2026, the Graduate PLUS Loan Program has been discontinued entirely for all new borrowers. Graduate PLUS Loans currently allow graduate students to borrow up to the Cost of Attendance for their program.
Limited Exception
If a student has an active federal student loan of any kind that was disbursed before July 1, 2026 while enrolled in a qualifying program, the borrower may continue borrowing under previous loan limits for three academic years or until the student completes their program, whichever is sooner.
Note: Changing programs, taking a leave of absence or other enrollment changes may affect your ability to be included in the limited exception.
The following loan limits apply to all student borrowers who are not already active borrowers under the federal student loan program:
- Graduate Students: $20,500 annual; $100,000 aggregate
- Professional Students: $50,000 annual: $200,000 aggregate
- *Graduate/Professional combined total: $200,000
*The individual graduate and professional limits do not reset when you begin a new degree or program and there is a $200,000 total aggregate limit. For example, a student who borrows the total aggregate $120,500 to complete their graduate degree will only have $79,500 left in eligibility should they later decide to enroll in a professional program.
For more information visit: 2026-27 & Beyond Graduate / Professional Student Loan Borrowing Limits
Students in the following programs are considered professional students for purposes of federal student loan limits:
• Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) • Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.) • Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) • Chiropractic (D.C. or D.C.M.) | • Law (LL.B. or J.D.) • Medicine (M.D.) • Optometry (O.D.) • Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) | • Podiatry (D.P.M., D.P., or Pod.D.) • Theology (M.Div. or M.H.L.) ⭐ • Clinical Psychology (Psy.D. or Ph.D.)
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⭐- offered by La Sierra University
Beginning July 1, 2026, Parent PLUS loans will be capped at $20,000 per year with a $65,000 aggregate limit. Previously, Parent PLUS Loans had no cap and could be taken out for whatever amount was needed to get the student up to Cost of Attendance.
- These limits are per dependent student, meaning parents with multiple dependent students can take out these limits in total for each student.
- The number of parent borrowers does not change the limits, as they are tied to the student. So if a student has two parents who wish to borrow on their behalf, no more than $20,000 per year and $65,000 total may be taken out.
Limited Exception
If a student has received a Parent PLUS Loan disbursement before July 1, 2026 while enrolled in a qualifying program, the parent borrower may continue borrowing Parent PLUS Loans under previous loan limits for three academic years or until the student completes their program, whichever is sooner.
Please note that a student can change majors and they will still remain eligible for the limited exception. The student changing credential level will cause them to lose eligibility for the limited exception.
Limited exceptions exist for many of these loan changes. However, transferring schools, switching majors, or having a break in enrollment may affect your ability to be included in these exception limits. Please reach out to our office to discuss the implications of any adjustments to your academic career.
Undergraduate Students and Parent PLUS Borrowers
You qualify as an eligible undergraduate student under the limited exception to allow your parent to receive a Direct PLUS Loan for parents if you
- were enrolled in a program of study at an institution as of June 30, 2026;
- received at least one Direct Loan, or your parent received a Direct PLUS Loan on your behalf, for such program of study, before July 1, 2026; and
- are enrolled at the same institution and are seeking the same credential after July 1, 2026, and have not ceased to be enrolled seeking the same credential at the same institution at any point on or after July 1, 2026.
“Credential” refers to the degree you’re seeking, for example, a bachelor’s or associate degree. You can’t change credential level and maintain eligibility for the exception, but you can change majors within your credential.
Graduate and Professional Students
You qualify as an eligible graduate or professional student under the limited exception only if you
- were enrolled in a program of study at an institution as of June 30, 2026;
- received at least one Direct Loan for such program of study prior to July 1, 2026; and
- are currently enrolled at the same institution in the same program of study and have not ceased to be enrolled in the same program at the same institution at any point on or after July 1, 2026. An approved leave of absence is not considered to be a break in enrollment.
For scenarios illustrating the loan limit and loan repayment provisions for undergraduate, graduate, and professional student borrowers, visit StudentAid.gov
Federal Student Loan Repayment Options
All federal loans must be repaid using the same repayment plan. Students with older loans (borrowed before July 1, 2026) who take out new loans on or after that date will have to repay their loans under one of the two repayment options: Tiered Standard Repayment or Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP).
- For questions regarding your loan repayment, please contact your loan servicer directly. You may look up your loan servicer on Studentaid.gov.
Students who do not borrow a new federal Direct Loan on or after July 1, 2026, may continue to access current repayment options, including:
- Standard (10-year), Graduated, or Extended Repayment
- Income-Based Repayment (IBR)
- Pay As You Earn (PAYE)*
- Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)*
*The law sunsets the PAYE and ICR plans effective July 1, 2028. Borrowers who enroll in PAYE or ICR must switch to any of the other eligible plans listed before July 1, 2028, or they will be automatically moved into RAP. They may also access the new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) once it becomes available in July 2026.
For more information see: Student Loan Repayment Plan Options
Students who borrow a new federal Direct Loan on or after July 1, 2026, will be eligible for only two repayment plans:
1. Tiered Standard Repayment
- Fixed monthly payments
- Repayment term length ranges from 10 to 25 years, based on the amount borrowed
2. Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP)
- Monthly payments based on income
- Loan forgiveness after 30 years of repayment
- Is a qualifying plan for Public Service Loan Forgiveness
For more information see: Student Loan Repayment Plan Options
All loans must be paid under the same repayment plan, so whether you are a current or new borrower depends on how many loans you have taken out and when.
- New borrower: A student with no loans taken out prior to July 1, 2026 or all loans taken out during that time have been paid in full.
- Current borrower: A student is enrolled in a program of study at an institution as of June 30, 2026; and a direct loan was made for such program of study prior to July 1, 2026 which has not been paid off.
Under the Tiered Standard Plan, your required monthly payment amount is based on
- the amount of your principal balance that you owe at the time that you enter the plan,
- the interest rate on your loans, and
- the length of the repayment period.
Borrower and Loan Eligibility
If you have a single loan including a Direct Consolidation Loan that is first disbursed on or after July 1, 2026, then you’ll have access to only the Repayment Assistance Plan and/or the Tiered Standard Plan as repayment options for all of your Direct Loans, including any type of Direct Loan first disbursed before July 1, 2026.
The Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) is a new income-driven repayment option designed to make student loan payments more manageable based on your income and family size.
How Monthly Payments Are Calculated
Your monthly payment is based on your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and will range from 1% to 10% of your income.
- Minimum monthly payment: $10
- No maximum payment cap if your income increases
Support for Families
- RAP includes built-in benefits for borrowers with dependents:
- $50 reduction in your monthly payment per dependent
If you are married and file taxes separately, your spouse’s income and dependents are not included in your payment calculation
Repayment Timeline
Repayment period is up to 30 years.
Protection Against Growing Balances.
No negative amortization. Your loan balance will not grow due to unpaid interest while you are making required payments.
Additional Principal Reduction Benefit
If your monthly payment does not significantly reduce your loan balance:
If less than $50 goes toward your principal, the Department of Education may apply an additional payment toward your principal.
This ensures up to $50 in total principal reduction per month, helping you pay down your loan faster.
Existing income-contingent repayment plans (ICR, PAYE, SAVE) will be eliminated July 1, 2028.
Borrowers who must consolidate in order to access IBR or ICR plans must have their consolidation loan disbursed no later than June 30, 2026, as a consolidation loan is considered a new loan and borrowers with loans on or after July 1, 2026 only have RAP and the new tiered standard plan available to them. After June 30, 2026, consolidated loans repaying Parent PLUS Loans would only have the new tiered standard plan available.
Currently loan forbearance is allowed for up to 12 months at a time with a cumulative limit of 3 years. For loans originated on or after July 1, 2027, forbearance is allowed for up to nine (9) months in any two-year period.
Economic hardship and unemployment deferments will be phased out. Borrowers with loans made on or before July 1, 2027 may still utilize economic hardship and unemployment deferment options until those loans are paid in full.
Borrowers may now rehabilitate a defaulted loan twice (currently only one rehabilitation is allowed). The minimum rehabilitation payment for direct loans changes to $10.
Federal Pell Program
The One Big Beautiful Bill allots $10 billion in funding to address the upcoming Pell shortfall and fund the program for two years. However, there were significant changes to Pell eligibility.
Pell Grant Eligibility Changes
The following Pell changes take effect beginning July 1, 2026:
- Students meeting or exceeding their full Cost of Attendance with scholarship/waiver aid will not be eligible for any amount of Pell Grant.
- This is a change from previous regulations, which allowed students in some circumstances to be fully funded with scholarship aid and still received their Federal Pell Grant on top.
- Students whose Student Aid Index (SAI) is at least two times the current Pell Grant maximum of $7,395 will not be eligible for the Pell Grant. Example: For 2025-26, that would equal an SAI of $14,790.
- Requires that foreign income be included in the AGI used to calculate Pell Grant eligibility, even if the foreign income is excluded from AGI on the U.S. tax returns.
Not sure how these changes aftect you?
Schedule an appointment with a financial counselor.
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